The American Military Government in Germany during World

The World War II was a huge section throughout the entire existence of Germany. It was a worldwide military clash that occurred somewhere in the range of 1939 and 1945. It got significant changes the geological, social and financial parts of the nation. Germany's fundamental partners in the war were Japan and Italy, while the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union were on the contrary side. The World War II devastatingly affected Japan, one of Germany's fundamental partners. The result of the war brought about the division of Germany into four military occupation zones.â€Å"France was given the charge of southwest, while the British powers controlled the upper east. The Soviet powers expected the control of the east and a US military government was built up in the south† . The fundamental target of the united powers was to end the Nazism in Germany and put the nation while in transit to majority rules system. Albeit four military occupation zones were made after the fini sh of World War II, the US military government in Germany had started its work in 1994. Foundation of the US Military Government in Germany The arrangement to build up a military government in Germany started much earlier.â€Å"Following the episode of World War II in 1939, the authorities of the Department of State in the United States, started their appraisal on the post-war activities. They accepted that the United States would affect the harmony settlement and post-war development activities† . It was extremely obvious from the earliest starting point that the US Army needed to confront troublesome undertakings of administering war-attacked Germany. The pioneers and troops of the United States were called upon to manage a progression of difficulties in political, social, conservative and money related undertakings other than keeping up lawfulness in the country.â€Å"The State Department set up its first exploration unit for the readiness of post-war international strate gy. The unit was known as the Division of Special Research. Financial specialist Leo Pasvolsky drove the examination unit† . At the point when the United States entered the war in 1941, the unit started building up a far reaching arranging and strategy advancement technique. The methodology tended to the key issues to be experienced by the military government in Germany and Japan. Establishment of the Military GovernmentThe military government set up in Germany during World War II performed rudimentary capacities, for example, mitigating the strategic soldiers of concerns and doing standard and lawful commitments of a military occupation. It figured a national strategy so as to serve a scope of political, social and monetary purposes. The essential goal of the military government was to guarantee strength in the war-torn Germany. It additionally had the point of undertaking important measures to support people.â€Å"The control of Germany by the US military powers started on September 15, 1944, when an unassuming community called Roetgen on the German-Belgian fringe was withdrawn by Detachment D8B1† . D8B1 was a common undertakings separation. It was prepared to work in freed regions. â€Å"The military separations at last entered Germany on September 28, 1944 with Detachment I4G2 assuming responsibility for Monschau close Roetgen. Aachen, the western area in Germany was caught inside half a month and Detachment F1G2 was introduced there† . F1G2 was intended to oversee urban communities and domains around them.The military government separations were composed in England and in the United States. The â€Å"E† separations were the biggest ones. â€Å"Each â€Å"E† separation had twenty-six officials and thirty-five enrolled men. Those separations were intended to assume control over the administration of every single German state. They were additionally appointed the oversight of different separations â€Å"F† and  "I† that were introduced inside them† . The littlest separations were the â€Å"H† and â€Å"I† separations. â€Å"H separations had five officials and ten enrolled men, while the â€Å"I† separations had four officials and six enrolled men† .The little separations had been alloted the control of provincial areas and little districts. Albeit just a little piece of Germany could be managed of the US military powers, the occupation established the framework of the military government in Germany. Officials of the US Military Government The US military government in Germany was a consequence of viable arranging and preparing for quite a long time. â€Å"The preparing of the military government officials and enrolled men started at the Military Government School, Charlottesville, Virginia in 1942.The military government officials who were sent to Germany were the result of administration schools and they were more effective than other armed force work force in the United States† . The normal age of the officials, who joined the military government was forty years. They included both in-administration officials and regular people. Most officials had long involvement with taking care of non military personnel work. They had mastery in law, educating, building, police or social work. They were prepared and solid and steady to run the military government in Germany. Progression of the US Military Government in GermanyWhen the main separation moved into Germany in 1944, numerous individuals had question on the achievement of the mission. A great deal of preparation was never really individuals about the genuine target of the mission. â€Å"The Moscow Foreign Ministers gathering held in October 1943 had concluded that the whole German domain would be involved and put heavily influenced by the military government. The European Advisory Commission (EAC) was made for deciding the limits of the zones and formulating control app aratus for the best possible administration† . At the point when the military separations entered Germany, they didn't have any endorsed direction or policy.After entering the German domain, they were given guidelines from the US government. The military government separations had numerous activities in the field. â€Å"The military government selected city hall leaders and chairmen. Enrollment of individuals was done on a need premise. To reestablish peace in the urban areas, curfews must be enforced† . After the control of the region, the military government encountered another issue of giving food and apportion to the influenced individuals. Food supplies and proportioning frameworks were sorted out. Weapons and other disallowed articles were seized by the military government.The military government felt the requirement for satisfactory general wellbeing and security for the individuals and Germany and made essential game plans on that respect. The war had crushed st ructure and other open utilities. The military government attempted its best to reestablish those utilities and work them. The open utilities included schools, clinical units and open vehicle framework. The military government understood that it needed to keep up a harmony between the Nazis and basic German individuals. While it needed to manage the Nazis, warmongers and racists with an iron hand, it additionally needed to reestablish confidence among individuals about its crucial objectives.The World War II carried the German economy to a stop. The Nazis vanished with the withdrawing German soldiers. In any case, they left a progression of issues to be dealt with by the military government. The US military government in Germany took intense measures against Nazis and Nazi supporters. Simultaneously, it concentrated on development and recovery measures. â€Å"Aachen was a vital point for the US military powers. That filled in as the passage to the control of an entire German area. At the point when the Battle of the Bulge occurred with German Ardennes hostile, the regular citizens became fear stricken† .The military government authorities appropriately kept up the death camps and guaranteed that the regular people were least influenced by the loathsomeness of the war. The US military government in Germany even enlisted a few detainees of war as police officers. Their activity was to reestablish lawfulness and guarantee wellbeing of individuals and their properties. All through the fight, the US troops and supplies went through the involved territories with no obstruction. The military government had sorted out the occupation. It likewise showed strategic moves in basic situation.â€Å"By April 1945, the US Sixth and Twelfth Army bunches held the whole appointed US zone in the German domain. They likewise caught extra territories in German region. It was the pinnacle time for the military government to initiate its separations. The â€Å"H† and à ¢â‚¬Å"I† separations progressed with the bleeding edge troops by evacuating Nazi authorities. Nazi authorities were supplanted by non-Nazis. â€Å"E†, â€Å"F† and â€Å"G† separations built up themselves in the involved cities† . â€Å"By the finish of March 1945, in any event 150 separations were sent in Germany. That was very nearly 66% of the military government strength† .In April, the military government depleted its distributions of prepared separations. It turned to sorting out temporary separations utilizing hostile to airplane ordnance, field big guns and sign work force. In the wake of intersection the Rhine River, the military government embraced another obligation of restoring the dislodged people. There were more than 5,000,000 freed detainees of war. They had a place with France, Belgium, Holland, Russia, Poland and Yugoslavia and were confined by the Nazi powers of Germany. â€Å"The dislodged individuals were to be dealt with by the UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration).The UNRRA didn't have sufficient labor or the assets to do the obligation proficiently. Subsequently, the military government took the charge of the dislodged people† . Those individuals were casualties of Nazi oppression and German animosity. They were given all the fundamental enhancements, for example, food, garments and houses by the military government. Their security and se

Exbibit A, Take Two essays

Exbibit A, Take Two expositions The most pacifistic individuals on the planet said they came out of this film and needed to execute someone One can just accept Oliver Stone has come to lament the remark he made to the New York Times in 1996, concerning his questionable film Natural Born Killers. Right now, it has been involved in over twelve killings. There were the youthful French darlings, Parisian residents who drove police on a vehicle pursue, bringing about five passings. Obviously, there were murders stateside also. A teenaged Texan blamed for beheading a 13-year old young lady. A Georgia youth who purportedly killed a 82-year Floridian with a shotgun and yelled, Im a characteristic conceived executioner to the TV cameras. At that point there was the desperate Utah high schooler who ventured to such an extreme as to emulate Natural Born Killers wannabe Mickey Knoxs sartorical style, total with tinted granny-style shades and shaven skull. None of these, in any case, has gotten a similar press as the story of Sarah Edmondson and Benjamin Darras, a couple who went through the night of March 5, 1995 dropping corrosive and watching the film over and again. Nineteen and eighteen years of age, individually, the two went for a long drive the following morning in Edmondsons Nissan Maxima, making two stops with purpose to kill. On the principal event, they succeeded; Darras shot Bill Savage, a Mississippi agent, twice in the head and left with Savages wallet. The following day, it was Edmondsons turn. Subsequent to entering a Poncharoula, Louisiana comfort store, Edmondson discharged an inadequately pointed shot into representative Patsy Byers, deadening her. Having neglected to burglarize the store, Edmondson came back to take from the sales register. Venturing over the draining Byers, Edmondson commented, poor old thing, youre not dead yet. Truth be told, Byers didn't kick the bucket for a few additional years, and before she surrendered to malignant growth, she and her family documented claims against Warner Bros., the studio that ... <!

Using Essay Writing Services

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Slavery During The Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 650 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? During the civil war in mid-19th century, slavery was one of the particular distributions in the world. Slaves helped manufacture fields by producing tobacco and cotton. Owners treated badly slaves leading them have marks wounds and blood all over the body. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Slavery During The Civil War" essay for you Create order Slave revolts glinted fear among Anglo. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) was planning to reach mass audience against slavery. Understood the conciseness that slavery is an evil viewpoint as it was desecration of human rights. African American slave have the common problems but they began to build a new economic place by facing racial discrimination. The Anglo were scared of losing everything from the African American, so Anglo definite to have leading control over them. Slave trade conceivably allowed a magnificent record by expanding different humanity and becoming a new world economic and social organization. Today, America population has mixed race that provided in civil rights movement created. The role that religion play in the debate over slavery was not perfectly acceptable to Christians. According to the De Bows it stated, Genesis xxvi, 14, Isaac is said to have had possessions of flocks and herds, and a great store of servants. In other places in Genesis, they are spoken of, but always as property. Conferring that slaves are almost similar as preserving animals and property. Bible fails to demonstrate that the message case for owning and abusing slaves for the profit of the wealthy. Also stated, The anti-slavery party maintain, that the bible teaches nothing directly upon the subject, but, that it establishes rules and principles of action, from which they infer, that in holding slaves, we are guilty of a moral wrong. Taking advantage of the poor and weak to enhance their own positions in society. They were treated just like items that can easily sold like items. In the bible, God commanded Abraham to circumcise all his bond-servants. People believe that the savants we re the same as slaves because they were treated like objects. Abraham was chosen to be God servant. In Stephen Symonds Foster, The Brotherhood of Thieves (1843) directed that evidently disrespectful of the agreements of polite society in church services. In the article it stated, the Southern ministers of that body were desirous of perpetuating slavery for the purpose of supplying themselves with concubines from among its hapless victims; and that many of our clergymen were guilty of enormities that would disgrace an Algerian pirate!. This quote purpose of involvement in the evil of slavery. Stephen believed that they should focused how guilty as those who owned slaves. Black slavery was having a hard time getting along with the white southerners and north. That was way to cripple the southern state because slavery was the main source of labor for their farm or fields. This is how north and southern was the way to make money especially the south. Religious and moral arguments impact racial discussions today because it causes African American to dislike Anglo. Slavery is the main reason that racism is still active. Today racism is possible the most difficult for people of different kind of skin color. Anglo discriminates against African America without even being aware of their actions. Conferring to CNN, On April 29, white woman reportedly called police on a few black people who, she said, were using a charcoal grill in an area where it was banned. Since the democrat, Anglo always has advantage of the low-income and low standard by increase their own stations in civilization. At this present, the communitys prevailing return at the location to prevent racism. It resolves on social media that Anglo been calling the police officers on African American for unimportant reason. African American have the horrifying historical. African American shouldnt be treated like this. Slavery cause racism Most America people believe racism is a principal issue that still exists. Migration is being affected. All people should be treated and have better opportunities equally.

A World Full Of Drugs - 1801 Words

A World Full Of Drugs In the world today, there are millions of people who are turning and relying on drugs for the urge to feel â€Å"good†. There have been multiple drug epidemics in the United States in the last twenty five years, and each epidemic was over a new set of drugs, a stronger drug. These drugs are taking over, they are causing many complications, not only with the health conditions of people’s bodies but with the government and law enforcement. There are multiple drugs that are causing adults and even teens to become a strong addict to them, causing them to risk their lives each time they take in the drug. People are not understanding the major effects these drugs have on their body, how they are affecting their lifestyle, and†¦show more content†¦There have been multiple drug epidemics in the last ten years over crack, morphine, methamphetamine, and opioids (prescription painkillers). People are not taking these drug epidemics seriously and it is affecting our nation drastically not just the public health, but the social and economic welfare (What is the Federal n.p.). It is no wonder why people are dropping out of school and refusing to work, because they are given welfare. People can not support and raise the families they have because with what money they do have they put towards their addictions to drugs, then they request welfare. These drugs are creating such strong addictions that lead to epidemics and the strength of these drugs are continuing to increase. There are so many drugs out there that the amount of drugs that are produced in and around the United States is almost equal to the amount of people in the nation. However, the most common drugs that have been extremely relevant in the current epidemics are; opioids, crack, morphine, meth, and major prescription painkillers. Most common epidemic drugs involved in prescription overdose deaths are Hydrocodone (Vicodin), Oxycodone (OxyContin), Oxymorphone (Opana), Methadone (Understanding the...n.p.). These particular drugs are prescribed by a doctor typically for pain, these drugs are very addictive if not used properly. Especially Hydrocodone and Oxycodone are the most popular and also the most abused by

Balanced and Restorative Justice - 1013 Words

The Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ) approach introduced first in 1993 through a grant to Florida Atlantic University (FAU) began as a national initiative of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). It seeks to serve juvenile offenders with a perspective to achieve restoration or a guaranteed favorable return to reverse their once delinquent behavior. It serves juvenile offenders providing them with a rehabilitation role instead of retribution role. BARJ addresses the risk and protective factors and/or special needs of juvenile offenders by instructing them to be accountable for their actions; they must develop a level of competency, so they can be more responsible and realize the destructibility of their†¦show more content†¦Juvenile justice professionals’ views often seek to consider the offender’s community because proper placement and the community’s supervisory role need to be a part of the treatment process as well. The victim’s role is somewhat simple, but exclusive at the same time because they come face to face with the offenders to work through their emotions and the crime that inflicted upon them by the offender. During the face-to-face meeting, victims have the option to forgive and reconcile with their offender so the healing process can begin and regain normalcy in their lives. The community seeks to improve involvement with juveniles by providing a shared responsibility for the m through support and supervision, providing employment, and education. The framework to address any potential complications with implementation of BARJ is to ask questions, do the research by looking into where it is currently in use, perform a series of tests or comprehensive assessments and record the results, and if implemented ask for feedback. Feedback will help identify any needs for improvements. 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Toy Safety and Mattel Toy I. free essay sample

In 1945, Ruth and Elliot Handler and Harold Matt Matson form a partnership called Mattel Creations in Southern California in a garage workshop that manufactured picture frames and dollhouse furniture. The worlds largest toy company, Mattel, Inc. , also known as â€Å"the worlds premiere toy company today and tomorrow,† designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes a variety of toy products all over the world. The companys products include a number of core toy lines, including Barbie dolls (which eventually became the best-selling toy ever), clothing, and accessories; Hot Wheels vehicles; Harry Potter, Batman, Superman, and Looney Tunes products; the American Girls Collection of books, dolls, clothing, and accessories; Fisher-Price infant and preschool toys, and toys based on Disney and Sesame Street characters; and games such as Scrabble and UNO. Mattels toys are produced in company-owned manufacturing facilities in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, and independent contractors located in the United States, Europe, Mexico, the Far East, and Australia. The companys three main retail customers include Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , Toys R Us, Inc. , and Target Corporation. Throughout the years, Mattel continued to create and market popular toys such as Hot Wheels, merge with profitable manufacturers Fisher Price in 1993 and Tyco Toys, Inc. in 1997, partner with Disney, Sesame Street, and Nickelodeon, obtain licenses and rights to manufacture Cabbage Patch Dolls and Harry Potter merchandise, and acquire Pleasant Company (maker of American Girl brand) in 1997. Since 1945, the Mattel Company works hard to ensure it is considered a trustworthy company for children and the community. Mattel established the Mattel Childrens Foundation to make â€Å"a meaningful difference in the lives of children in need globally. † In 1997, the corporation formed the Global Manufacturing Principles (GMP), establishing Mattel as the first company to create a framework to ensure responsible manufacturing, assembly, and distribution is conducted through consistent standards on a global level. In 1998, Mattel began a unique $25 million multi-year donation partnership to the UCLA childrens hospital, renamed the Mattel Childrens Hospital at UCLA to assist and serve children from around the world with nationally recognized health care. With so much positive philanthropy projects, Mattel has not always been able to maintain an image of child-like and trustworthy purity. Mattel has experienced many criticisms for stealing ideas for toy-lines from children competing in toy invention competitions. In 1974, investigators revealed that company officials produced and issued false and misleading financial information to make it appear as if the company was continuing to successfully grow. And of course, Mattel has also had its share of recalls (the accurate number of recalls is debatable but it ranges from 17 to 28 recalls). But in August 1997, Mattel faced the biggest recall in the companys history. Brief Background There are two separate reasons why Mattel recalled 19 million toys from August to September of 2007. The fact that both recalls occurred at the same time makes this the biggest recall in the companys history. The first toy recall was due to defective magnets. The design of the toy magnets included parts with high-energy magnets typically used for industrial purposes that easily come loose and posed a threat to young children and infants who could easily swallow the magnets which could then adhere together in the digestive tract and rupture the stomach tissue. The strength of the magnets combined with Mattels poor design of the toys made the products a critical hazard for young children. Mattels website (http://corporate. mattel. com) lists 71 models and makes of toys that were recalled because of faulty magnets. The second toy recall was due to high levels of lead-based paint found on the surface of many toys. Mattel had previously given manufacturers in China a list of eight approved paint suppliers to use, but in order to reduce costs, subcontractors decided to employ unapproved suppliers. In some cases, the lead content was over 180 times the legal limit. Lead-based paint is dangerous for children because elevated levels create learning and behavioral problems, slow muscle and bone growth, hearing loss, anemia, brain damage, seizures, coma, and in some rare cases, death. Mattel recalled 91 models and makes of toys because of harmful levels of lead paint. China Since 1997, China has experienced many tribulations with the quality and standards of the products manufactured within the country. For instance, pet food, toothpaste, seafood, tires, and toys are just a few of the products recalled from homes in the United States because of serious, sometimes deadly, manufacturing inaccuracies. The business relationship between Mattel and China seemed to be a strong partnership. Mattel manufactured 65 percent of its toys in China, and before the recall, was a company others used as a model for successful global manufacturing. Mattel was criticized for placing too much faith in the partnership with China as well as careless inspections on the quality of the manufacturing sites abroad. Timeline In November of 2006, Mattel recalled Polly Pocket sets sold with magnets that posed a threat to children. In July 2007, a European retailer discovered high levels of lead content on various Mattel toys. Once notified, Mattel began an investigation and closed operations at the factories producing the toys. During the investigation, Mattel discovered millions of products available since 2003 that did not pass safety standards. On August 1, 2007, Fisher-Price recalled 1. 5 million toys due to high levels of lead-based paint 60% of which were all manufactured in China. After further investigation, Mattel recalled 18 million more products on August 14, 2007 because of the possible hazards of children swallowing faulty magnets. And on September 4, 2007, Mattel recalled another 848,000 toys due to high levels of lead-based paint. The U. S. Senate Committee began scrutinizing American safety standards for childrens toys and clothing and stated the possibility of creating new legislation to keep hazardous toys and clothing from children. Despite the fact that a larger number of toys were recalled because of faulty magnets and not lead-based paint, the framed communication made China appear culpable for the recalls in order to reduce reputational damage and the Chinese media stated that Mattel should be accountable for the mistakes rather than blame China. Mattel eventually listened and on September 21, the company issued an apology to China taking full blame for the recall crisis. Mattel also posted news releases and video interviews on the company website to keep the public informed. June 8, 2007 Mattel receives information on possible lead paint contamination June 9, 2007 CPSC deadline to report the problem June 10, 2007 Mattel fails to report problem to CPSC July 26, 2007 Mattel files full report to CPSC August 14, 2007 Mattel voluntarily recalls 17. 4 million products September 4, 2007 Mattel voluntarily recalls 850,000 toys with lead paint October 25, 2007 Mattel voluntarily recalls Go Diego Go! Rescue boats coated in hazardous lead paint November 6, 2007 Mattel voluntarily recalls 155,000 choking hazard toys manufactured in Mexico OBJECTIVES Mattels management has expressed the overall company vision as â€Å"The Worlds Premier Toy BrandsToday and Tomorrow. † Management set five key company strategies: 1. improve execution of the existing toy business 2. globalize the brands 3. extend the brands 4. catch new trends 5. develop people The company also adapts its definition of truthfulness by:  · Collecting and disseminating all information about the recall to the public accurately, quickly, and efficiently.  · Reassuring the public, especially parents and retailers, that the company is devoted to producing safe toys and improving honest communication.  · Taking responsibility for the recall, solving the crisis, and maintaining a working relationship with China. CRISIS PLAN Mattel is known for their 100-page crisis plan and a well-planned crisis response infrastructure tested from 28 recalls since 2000. Mattel speaks with one voice, communicates consistently through a crisis, acts quickly, and responds with public apology and any other expectations. All steps of the plan are code of a successful crisis plan and response. When Mattel realized the company was facing a serious crisis, their first act was to contact the federal agency overseeing toy issues and product safety. When federal officials publicized the first Mattel recall, Mattels crisis management team instantly arranged for open communication channels with reporters from the top media outlets. The team sent e-mail alerts with the recall press release, invited reporters to a teleconference with company executives, and arranged for the media to interview key personnel employed with Mattel. The day of the recall, Robert Eckert, CEO of Mattel, met with reporters for television and phone interviews. Mattel established a help line, answered over 300 media requests in the United States, and placed full page ads in the New York Times and Wall Street Journal by the end of the week. Mattel also started an online movement to notify consumers about the recall with updates posted on a regular basis, chat rooms, message boards, and social media. Mattel has consistently been open with the media and consumers testifying new company policies with very high standards and quality and safety testing procedures, although carefully stating â€Å"no system can be perfect. † Mattel also made it clear that they are doing all that they can to assess the situation on the manufacturing level. Apology to China Mattel prematurely placed disproportionate blame on Chinese manufacturers encouraging China bashing in the media across the world damaging Chinas reputation. On September 20, 2007, Mattel issued an apology to China in a meeting with Li Changjiang, the Chinese product safety chief. In the apology, Debrowski states â€Å"Mattel takes full responsibility for these recalls and apologizes personally to you, the Chinese people, and all of our customers who received the toys. † China accepted the apology saying â€Å"Mattel should value our cooperation. I really hope that Mattel can learn lessons and gain experience from these incidents, [and they should] improve their control measures† and anticipates that China will restore consumer confidence in products â€Å"made in China. † Result of Crisis Mattel appeared to handle the crisis by appearing to be up-front and open about the massive toy recall. Mattels homepage contains a dedicated bold red link to toy recalls containing information about recalls affecting all countries, what toys are being recalled, where to bring recalled toys, and defining Mattels three-point safety check system: 1. Mattel will make sure that manufactures only use paint from certified suppliers and they will test every single batch of paint from all vendors. If the paint isnt up to Mattels standards, it wont be used. 2. Mattel is increasing control on every level of the production process and conducting random inspections at all vender facilities. 3. Mattel pledges to test all finished toys vigorously before they reach the consumer. The toys must meet a series of strict safety standards before they are put on the market. Mattel assures customers that all venders are aware of these new procedures and Mattels strict enforcement of them. ANALYSIS Applying SCCT * Good o Public apology from CEO o Coupons offered o Stressed stringent inspection processes and company improvement * Bad o Placed initial blame on China, later making an apology to China o Stated media and government escalated the crisis Media Coverage Most of the media information that covered the Mattel toy recall discussed the lead-based paint recall and did not include the magnetic toy design flaw crisis which led to the China bashing products replying â€Å"Made In China should be viewed as a warning label. † Many media outlets reported the importance of China creating strict safety standards before putting more lives in danger. Media coverage of Mattel was very different since the focus was on Mattels timely apology and quick release of recall information. The fact that key Mattel executives spoke with the media provided a favorable reputation for the company. What China Has Done China continues to build manufacturing trust with the United States while improving problems within the country. US Regulatory Structure after the crisis The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission is â€Å"charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of serious injury or death from thousands of types of consumer products under the agencys jurisdiction. â€Å" In order to ensure the safety of childrens toys, the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) stopped the use of lead paint in toy manufacturing. CPSC Chairman stated that the Work Plans â€Å"show significant forward progress in the agencys efforts to bring Chinese-made consumer products into line with the U. S. safety rules. This is an important signal from the Chinese government that it is serious about working with CPSC to keep dangerous products out of American homes. We will be looking for meaningful cooperation on the ground that means not just with the Chinese government, but also with industry at both ends of the supply chain. † The CPSC also plans to increase consumer product inspections manufactured for the United States and will review the plans effectiveness after one year to discuss and implement improvements. The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act includes strict guidelines of Childrens product safety for: * Sec. 101. Childrens products containing lead; lead paint rule. * Sec. 102. Mandatory third party testing for certain childrens products. * Sec. 103. Tracking labels for childrens products. * Sec. 104. Standards and consumer registration of durable nursery products. * Sec. 105. Labeling requirement for advertising toys and games. * Sec. 106. Mandatory toy safety standards. * Sec. 107. Study of preventable injuries and deaths in minority children related to consumer products. * Sec. 108. Prohibition on sale of certain products containing specified phthalates. Personal interest as a mother During the Mattel toy recall crisis, I was in my third trimester with my first child. Imagine what went through my mind as a soon-to-be-new-mother already filled with angst. And so, a new Fleenor rule was born all products made in China were not welcomed and banned from our home. Easy enough I thought. Our son would have toys, clothing, food, and furniture made in the USA only easy enough I thought. So we discussed our decision with family and friends that all items with the â€Å"Made in China† label would be returned. Shopping became a difficult task because about 80 percent of toys, clothing, and furniture sold in America are made in China. I soon realized that I needed to shop online for specialty â€Å"Made in the USA† stores, find local artisans to build furniture and toys, and plan on entertaining my child myself with books, funny faces, and outdoor adventures. While I am still cautious of â€Å"Made in China† products, I am much more relaxed as I take responsibility in becoming an informed consumer through product recall email alerts from cpsc. gov, maintaining open communication with my childrens pediatrician, and still acting as the main entertainment source for my two children. What we learned Mattel dealt with the toy recall crisis precisely the way Coombs recommends companies to deal with image damaging crises. Mattels experience with recalls definitely ensured precise and smooth execution of their well documented crisis management plan. The company and CEO were visible, available, and publicly apologetic. And more importantly, Mattel told the truth and took immediate action to fix the problem allowing the company to focus on a positive solution and restoring the companys dependable reputation. It is often difficult to know exactly where and how consumer products are manufactured and how products are inspected in todays ever-changing global economy. The toy recall crisis also allowed us to realize that we are also facing an economic crisis with global manufacturing. While the United States is doing the best to ensure our safety through strict product regulations, we need to realize the difficult challenges we face when heavily relying on outside countries to manufacture such large quantities. â€Å"It would be far to easy to attribute this summers recalls to Chinas poorly regulated export manufacturers. Regulatory deficiencies, shoddy business practices, and the forces of globalization all play a substantial role in this catastrophe. There is enough blame to go around,† Representative John Dingell (D-Mich. ) said during the Sept. 19, 2007 hearings. Similar recalls The RC2 Corporation of Oakbrook, Ill. recalled approximately 1. 5 million Thomas and Friends train sets on June 13, 2007 because of high levels of lead-based paint used by Chinese contractors. The R2C Corporations recall was not as grand in scale as Mattels, but the company quickly posted an apology to consumers on the company website, terminated business contracts with manufacturers not complying with RC2 paint specifications, and employed a six-point safety check system. On February 6, 2007, Hasbro recalled 985,000 Easy-bake Ovens because young children could easily insert their hands in the over and get their hands caught and burned. Summary â€Å"I think Mattel handled the problem very well overall. Its a problem that isnt unusual for them to have. Product defects and difficulty with suppliers are pretty typical in their line of work and they took responsibility. They were willing to talk about it and understood the ramifications,† stated Paul A. Argenti, Professor of Corporate Communications at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth. What should Mattel do now? Plan for tomorrow and be more conscientious using domestic and international manufacturers. Again, Mattel took responsibility for the entire recall, which not many companies are willing to be held accountable for Toyota is the best example today. Owning up takes courage and actions in good times and bad should express the companys character. Mattel should continue to identify possible problems, enforce strict manufacturing regulations to produce safe toys, reassure consumers that child safety and product safety is the bottom line, and collaborate with international suppliers and government agencies to ensure public well-being. Mattel has to be prepared for other problems and continue risk management audits. â€Å"There are always going to be problems. But if Mattel can lead the change for toy manufacturers to create a more responsible industry, they could become the hero. †

Pulp Fiction Review Essays - English-language Films, Films

Pulp Fiction Review Pulp Fiction Any movie lover who is looking for a different, wild, unpredictable movie that will blow their mind needs to check out Pulp Fiction. It's definitely going to blow the minds of all watchers. The Drugs, gangs, and killing, all set in the high-class gangs of Los Angeles are more than most can handle. In this Movie, gang members played by Samuel L. Jackson, John Travolta, and Bruce Willis wheel and deal the streets and roads of the big city. All working for a drug lord named Marcelles Wallace, they go back and forth for four segments of different plots. These plots, which are not happening in order, along with the director's wittiness, and the vulgar graphic scenes of the show will entertain all watchers while blowing their minds along the way. This movie is without a doubt the ?Dennis Rodman? of movies. There are absolutely none like it. Pulp Fiction is divided into sections. They are four, separately named different sections. They're all separated in the movie by a screen telling the name of the next section. They are all jumbled around in the wrong order for confusion, or who knows why else the movie does this. In the first scene of the movie, before the movie cuts to the first section, two people began to rob a restaurant. The watcher forgets about the incident until the movie is coming to a close, and the main two characters end up in the coffee shop that is being robbed. Another example of the crazy order is that in the third section of the movie, Vincent Vega, who is played by John Travolta, is killed. Ironically, in the last section Vincent is back in the movie again. However, in the end, when the movie's sections are all pieced together, and all make sense of each other, a watcher realizes that Vincent was never brought back to life. The last section happened before the third section. The wildness of the plot s is a large part of why the movie Pulp Fiction is so different. The Movie's vulgar scenes are another characteristic that watchers will never forget. In one scene, Jewels goes into the apartment of men who have not gotten their drug deals taken care of, and bluntly shoots two of them after quoting the Bible. Another scene with vulgarity is when Marcelles's wife overdoses on heroin and Vincent Vega is forced to give her a shot to the heart in order to revive her. The way in which the camera showed the needle, and the heroin being injected into Vincent's body in another scene will catch watchers off guard as well. The movie's blunt, vulgarity seems to shock watchers more than anything. If a scene toward the end, the camera shows Marcelles being raped, and later shows him shoot his rapist in the genitals with a shotgun. All of these scenes are gory, like no other movie, and will totally blow a viewer's mind. The director of Pulp Fiction, Quentin Terentino, uses wittiness that will bend and break the watcher's train of thought. He uses odd story lines to bring the entire movie's plot together. For example, In one section, Butch flashes back to his childhood when his grandfather passed down a watch to him from many generations. And as the section continued, the watch played a major role in an indirect way to the story line. In other sections, Vincent Vega and Jewels carry around case all day. They fight, and even kill for the case. When the actors open the case, the camera will never reveal its contents to the watchers. Therefore the watcher never knows what is inside the important briefcase. Terentino later said the contents were a mystery even to him. The movie's theme is another mystery that brings a mind-boggling subject up for conversation. Throughout the entire movie, any clock or watch visible to the camera is set on 4:20. The reason for this is another mystery but is another reason that Pulp fiction will blow watcher's minds. The movie Pulp Fiction is a classic. It is the odd ball or the Dennis Rodman of movies. There is no person that can watch Pulp Fiction without being shocked

Big Bang essays

Big Bang essays Every since scientists came up with an idea of how the universe started and was created, through the Big Bang, there has always been discussion and questioning on what the universe was, before it was created. Was there nothing because there was no time and no God, or was there something we havent discovered yet. Over the past decades, several scientists have theorized on life before the Big Bang, and have come up with these theories: Brane Theory, String Theory, and Inflation theory/Eternal Inflation. Although these theories tell of how the Big Bang started, it does not really explain the universe before the time before the Big Bang era, and how everything needed to start the Big Bang was placed/formed in that before the universe place. Many theories are a revision of an old theory, such as the case with the Brane theory and the String Theory. The String Theory and the Brane Theory both do not explain how matter got there to create the Big Bang. The String Theory says that the universe consists of tiny loops of strings that can form matter. According to this theory, the Big Bang may be a transition from a previously shrinking universe that has reached it smallest size and has begun to expand again. This may be true, but it does not tell us how these strings came to place and how the shrinking universe got there. The Brane Theory is a modification, where membranes which can create matter float around in a five dimension megaverse, and if they collide, it could start the Big Bang. The Inflation theory and the Eternal Inflation are related, in that the Eternal Inflation explains how the Inflation theory would work. The Inflation theory suggests that in the universe there are Inflation bubbles which give rise to universes, and these bubbles are stretched to create universes. It suggests that this can occur several times within the same universe, therefore creating a never endin ...

Managing bullying and harassment in the workplace Research Paper

Managing bullying and harassment in the workplace - Research Paper Example 2. Discussion and Analysis Let’s give a brief discussion about bullying and harassment. Bullying based on sex, gender, race, ethnicity, color, language, cultural background, socio-economic background, physical impairment, and etcetera, comes under the concept of discrimination. For example, age discrimination includes bullying such as not selecting an old age candidate for a job posting, abusing an old employee, firing or demoting him, not providing him employee incentives, or preferring others to him when it comes to important decision-making and problem-solving. Quid pro quo is the situation in which the person’s employment status is decided based upon his response to the sexual advances by his employer. It can also be described as â€Å"do this and I’ll do that for you†. Reverse quid is the situation in which the employer behaves like â€Å"do this or I’ll do that†. This more generally involves threats and punishments. Hostile environment is the environment that results from offensiveness shown by the victim as a response to unwelcome sexual conduct from the harasser, and this situation starts hindering the victim’s job performance. ... 3. Literature Review Branch, Ramsay and Barker (2013) conducted a research on workplace bullying. They assert that researchers have long been formulating theories and explanations about bullying and harassment at workplace, especially after the emergence of the concept of school bullying. They state that although workplace bullying and harassment have become widely known aspects of organizational cultures, yet organizations face challenges in implementing management strategies to manage these. Workplace bullying and harassment not only affect the victims but also have hazardous impacts upon the bystanders. Hence, it becomes necessary for the organizations to consider all impacts of workplace bullying and harassment in order to work out such strategies that cater with the needs of not only the victims but also the bystanders. Deery, Walsh and Guest (2011) studied the effects of workplace bullying and harassment on job satisfaction. Their research sample consisted of nurses in British hospitals. They compared two types of harassment: insider harassment that came from seniors and co-workers, and outsider harassment that came from patients. They also studied the effect of anti-harassment policies on workplace environment. They concluded that the nature of bullying and harassment changed with the nature of the harasser (insider or outsider); however, anti-harassment policies were found to have a profound impact as they resulted in considerable decrease in the harassment incidents at the workplace. This research helps understand that anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies at the workplace are crucial if the aim is to reduce workplace bullying and harassment. Bentley et al.

The Cross-border Merger of Kraft and Cadbury Term Paper

The Cross-border Merger of Kraft and Cadbury - Term Paper Example An overview of the Kraft –Cadbury merger In February 2010, Cadbury gave in to Kraft’s US$ 19.7 billion takeover after a fierce battle lasting over 100 days. Kraft Foods US is a major confectionary maker. The British chocolate maker had earlier in 2009, rejected a US$ 16.4 billion hostile takeover bid from Kraft, stating that the value did not represent the intrinsic value of the Cadbury brand. Industry experts believe that the combined group is the number one in chocolate and confectionary segments, as well as the second in the high growth gum segment (Ralph & Olesseni, p.61). Cadbury had agreed for 840 pence per share which would give them a total valuation of $19 billion. Media reported that Cadbury slipped into US giant Kraft Foods and the British Prime Minister committed that the jobs in UK could be protected. It was estimated that Cadbury employees numbered more than 45000 worldwide. It was expected, Kraft Cadbury combined would generate large cost savings, enablin g Kraft to become a global market leader. The conglomeration would also generate annual sales of more than $ 50 billion. The market reaction was mixed especially from UK where the fear of job loss came up and cultural reaction was that the country’s honor namely Cadbury’s brand, had been given to US. Kraft Foods was one of the major US confectionery manufacturers with net revenue of $42 billion and operating in 150 countries as of 2008. It was founded 1903 as a cheese company by James L. Kraft (Funding Universe, 2002) and over the years established fine brands like Milka, Toblerone, Jacobs, Oscar Mayer and Oreo. Even though Kraft was able to capture US and European markets, it was the second largest food company in the world and Nestle, Switzerland continued to occupy the premier position with its brands firmly established not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. Nestle had reported a net profit of $9.55 billion with an annual turnover of $99 b illion in 2009. Next in the race for second position was Cadbury, UK with its popular brands like Dairy Milk bars, Roses chocolates, Trident gum and Halls cough drops, built over 150 years not only in UK and developed countries but also firmly established its presence in the developing countries like India, Mexico and Brazil for over 50 years. Cadbury’s revenues in 2008 stood at ?5.4billion. Kraft Foods US with an ambition to reach the top slot in the global confectionery market made a bid for $10 billion to acquire a 100% stake in Cadbury at the end of 2009. The bid was rejected outright as the market value of the share was more than ? 7 per share and Kraft Foods had to reconsider the valuation process of Cadbury and made a revised offer of around $ 19.6 billion in early 2010 over which the shareholders of Cadbury numbering over 90% consented to the acquisition. Evolution and Growth of Kraft Foods Kraft Foods Inc., the second largest food company in the world, had brands spr ead over five consumer sectors – snacks, beverages, cheese, grocery and convenient meals. Kraft Foods had strong presence worldwide and operated in150 countries as of 2008. The company had evolved from a cheese company, started by James L. Kraft in 1903. James L. Kraft had started his cheese business to relieve the grocers from travelling daily to procure cheese. The merger of Kraft – Phenix and National Dairy Products Corporation in 1930 led to the further growth of Kraft. New brands such as Miracle Whip salad dressing, Velveeta pasteurized process cheese spread, were launched and turned to be successful. Innovative advertising strategy followed by Kraft was another driving force for Kraft’s success. The company was renamed as Kraft Foods Company in 1945 and during the post war period Kraft Foods continued with its new product launches and innovative advertising. In spite of various restructuring activities, Kraft General Foods’ financial results were no t rosy. In early 1995, the three units, Kraft USA, General

Social Media Marketing Marketing Essay

Social Media Marketing Marketing Essay The rise in popularity of social networking Web sites and other social media outlets such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and individual blogs has grown subsequently during these recent years. This literature review shall demonstrate on how the social media networks have an impact on businesses; following an introduction of what is exactly the social media marketing, secondly what are the networks for and thirdly the impact of the social networks on consumers. Some studies have been made by several researchers and authors about the impact of social media in businesses which will be evaluated in this research proposal. Social media networks are fast becoming the infrastructure of the Web as all of our personal data and connections are being aggregated into databases. The value of Facebook, Linkedin, and Twitter is part how much of our personal information they store and part how useful they can make this information for companies, advertisers, marketers, and consumers. The more information social networks know about us and our connections, the more targeted they can make their advertising and ultimately their business value (Levitt 2010). Tuten (2008) described social media as communities which include forums, virtual worlds , social news organisations, social- opinion sharing sites and social networks. In addition to this, Tuten (2008) remarkably suggested that social networks are built with a platform that enables users to create or identify profiles with the ability to interact with other members and participating in various site activities. With memberships that are growing daily and the amount of people interacting with these various sites, marketers and businesses have found a tool that can make money likewise Tuten (2008) argued that marketers in the USA spent $920 million on social network advertising which showed a net progression of businesses implementing social media into their businesses. On the other hand Bowman (2010) investigated that social media is expanding at a sophisticated business tool because it provides businesses a unique opportunity to target customers and its prospect. For instance, the mas sive social network facebook.com which has millions of subscribers is one of the most appreciated site for businesses can create fan pages on offering instructional videos to show people how their products are reliable. Further research demonstrated that social networking sites are promoting rapidly through the internet acquiring users around the world; the more quickly social networking sites grow, the more quickly they spread. It has been argued that; it is a vital source of revenue for some businesses to market their products and services for example the retail industry and as a result many advertisers have conducted consumer promotions involving social media to generate attention to and participation in their promotions; for instance (Otter 2010) suggested that some companies in the recruitment sector have placed social media in their planning, companies such as Microsoft, Roundchard and CH2M Hill have successfully achieved in implenting this process which has been cost effectiv e, faster to hire and improved candidate quality. In the UK the large retailer John Lewis has invested in a research project to monitor the consumers point of view, it is part of their strategy to develop new skills in their advertising programme; in brief The Gazette the company trade magazine quoted Social media can also help generate a buzz about product or brands(cabinet-marker.co.uk). Equally Starbucks have seek digital and social media marketing investment in their channel in the UK, their success has involved a global campaign in releasing new product online via the social networks. Starbuck`s strategy was to involve customer loyalty via facebook, the company has also planned to integrate activities across a number of iniatives including the Starbucks Card, public affairs, customer care and shared planet across social media channels with its 9million fans on facebook and 1million followers on twitter (nma.co.uk). Similarly, Twitter has reached the middle east for example Gulf Air; the Gulf Airs website gulfair.com has become the No.1 airline website in the Gulf region by number of followers on one of the most popular social media networks, this trend has enable the company to promote its image in their specific service sector on How to utilise digital and new media to reach customers, ommunities and special interest groups (gulfair.com). Nowadays employers and employees understand the power of social media networks in creating real business value and relationships with customers the press, analysts, and all other stakeholders ( Businessweek.com 2010). In addition to this, many employers have been managi marketing their personal brand together by promoting their company. It argues that employees participating in social networks have already developed a network that can help them in the long term within their development and promotion in regard to their progress in a company for future prospects.( Businessweek.com 2010) . DENNISoneil.com 410.343.9090

Revealing Okonkwos Character Through Proverbs Essay -- essays researc

In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, Ibo proverbs reveal Okonkwo’s character, especially his ambition, self-reliance, and respect for elders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the village of Umuofia, a belief the villagers have, is the belief in the earth, sun and rain gods. The villager’s religious values are very sacred. If one does not abide by a ritual such as bringing a little kota to an elder or friend, one does not respect. Other beliefs such as whistling at night, and creating violence in the village’s annual week of peace are meant to be a bad omen. The one who is at fault is believed to be cursed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During one harvest, Okonkwo has had a shortage of yam seedlings, so he looks to Nwakibie and older man of the village. Nwakibie says to Okonkwo the proverb,† Eneke the bird says that since men have learned to shoot without missing, he has learned to fly without perching.†(Achebe 22) Nwakibie was reluctant to give his seeds away before because the borrower would plant the seeds and watch them rot away. The moral of the proverb is that one must learn to adapt to its environment. Okonkwo is a man of honor, and stands for a model of a hard worker, so Nwakibie has no problem lending Okonkwo 800 yam seedlings. Okonkwo has to learn from the planting season, because the weather is the worst ever for raising crops. Okonkwo must learn to adapt and protect his crop. He must make rings of thick sisal leaves to place around the yams. Okonkwo shows...

Role of the Learning Mentor

A 2, 500 word assignment which examines the role of the learning mentor and analyses the strategies used in supporting science, evaluating the impact on pupils’ learning. This essay will explore and evaluate the role, the responsibilities and the purpose of the learning mentor. It will highlight and review strategies used in schools today to support children’s education, assisting them to develop skills and achieve their full potential. The learning mentor has a large range of duties which require the ability to encourage social inclusion, collaborate with external agencies for specialist support and expand care to families and carers.Responsibilities also include the contribution to the assessment of pupils, the transition and pastoral care of vulnerable students and to identify and remove barriers to learning that some young people are faced with during their time in education. All of these areas will be considered and analysed. I will thoroughly examine current pract ice, theory and reflect upon my own development. Whilst examining the role of the learning mentor, I will be specifically looking at science and how it is taught and supported in schools today.My aim is to highlight the importance of the learning mentor and the impact they have on a child’s achievement and success. It will also indicate how the learning mentor’s holistic approach builds self confidence, a sense of emotional belonging and overall creates the best conditions for students to flourish academically as well as personally. Consequently, this will allow me to develop and improve my own practice and professional progression in the future. Education has not always recognised the holistic needs and development of children.However, over the years, the education system has seen a considerable amount of changes. It has been revolutionalised, transforming teaching from learning by rote to a multisensory, child centred, personalised education. This is due to many fact ors such as the development of technology, changes in society, values and attitudes, the recognition of children with additional needs and the implementation of learning mentors and support staff. So, when were learning mentors first introduced into schools and why?In 1999, as an out come from the 1997 White Paper, the Excellence in Cities (EiC) initiative was launched by the government to raise standards of attainment and was first piloted in disadvantaged, inner-city schools. As stated in Excellence in Cities: The National Evaluation of a Policy to Raise Standards in Urban Schools 2000-2003 (2005), Britain was in need of ‘inclusive schooling that recognises the different talents of all children and delivers excellence for everyone’. To achieve this objective, EiC implemented a gifted and talented programme, to provide extra support for 5-10 per cent of pupils in each school.Learning Support Units (LSU’s) were also introduced to provide intervention teaching and support programmes for difficult or vulnerable students and learning mentors were created to help students overcome educational or behaviour problems, ensuring that schools were inclusive of all. As highlighted by M. K Smith (1999) schools were able to utilise Learning Mentors for different matters according to their individuality, however the government did set out for the leaning mentor, four main objectives. These core beliefs from EiC are explained in Good Practice Guidelines for Learning Mentors (DFES 2001).Firstly, the learning mentor should have high expectations for every pupil, meeting the needs of all and taking an individualised approach to teaching and learning, ensuring barriers are removed so children can aspire regardless of the difficulties they may come up against. Barriers to opportunities could include family problems, bullying, low self esteem and poor social skills. The learning mentor must also establish good working relationships with pupils, parents, the com munity and other outside agencies.By creating a network, schools are able to work collaboratively to promote diversity, share good teaching practice and enhance performance throughout the area. The role of the learning mentor was not only introduced to improve the progress of low ability students, following a report by J. Freeman in 1998 which investigated research on the teaching and learning of high ability children, the government recognised that ‘provision for the highly able was not satisfactory’ and that children who are gifted and talented ‘have as much of an entitlement to have their needs addressed’ OFSTED (2001).Therefore, learning mentors provide extended learning opportunities to pupils to assure the prevention of a ‘glass ceiling’ that could potentially restrict performance. Besides from the objectives set out by the government, the role of the learning mentor is complex and extensive. Good Practice Guidelines for Learning Mentors (DFES 2001) makes clear that they are disciplinarians, nor classroom assistants. They are an active listener, a role model, a guide who negotiates targets and supports pupils, carers and parents whilst remaining reliable, non judgemental and realistic. R.Rose and M Doveston (2008:145) defines mentoring as ‘learning within a social context’ with learning mentors recognising ‘the necessity to ensure that students feel both comfortable with and in control of the learning process. ’ This social collaboration is clearly influenced by Vygotsky (1962) and his theory of social constructivism. A key point of Vygotskys theory is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). As explain by Oakley (2004), the ZPD is the gap between a child’s actual level and the level of which the child could achieve with the guidance from an experienced adult, in this case, the learning mentor.This adult intervention can also be linked to the idea that Bruner put forward, labelling th is type of assistance as ‘scaffolding’. A concept where a more able person provides guidance and support until the learner becomes independent. When evaluating the helping relationship, G. Egan’s theory takes a holistic, person centred approach, resulting in the ability to ‘develop more options in their lives’, Egan (1990:7). The changes brought about by EiC have shaped the way education system is today, with teachers and learning mentors taking on a child centred, holistic, inclusive and personalised approach.In 2006, the Department for Education and Skills published the 2020 vision: report of the Teaching and Learning in 2020 Review presenting a vision to provide pupils with personalised learning offering a more adaptable curriculum. The 2020 vision: report of the Teaching and Learning in 2020 Review (2006:3) points out that ‘When taken as a whole across the education system, in all schools, for all pupils, we think personalising learning has the potential to transform education. ’ The Assessment for Learning Strategy 2008 explains the importance of assessment in education.It aims to ensure every child is aware of their performance and how to improve allowing them to become independent initiators of their own learning and by informing parents and carers of assessment outcomes, children are also supported at home. In schools, assessment for learning happens constantly by teachers, learning mentors, teaching assistant and peers. Examples of formative assessment are precise learning objectives, peer and self assessment and immediate verbal or written feedback. Summative assessment gives a broader view of improvement and uses standardised tests.Assessment is essential for schools to plan the next steps for pupils in order to close the gap in attainment and is vital to effective personalised teaching and learning. In 2008, OFSTED evaluated the impact of assessment for learning on inclusion identifying that it is benef icial to pupils with special educational needs (SEN), providing pupils with the opportunity to discuss, question, explore and review ‘builds an understanding of what success looks like and how to apply skills’ OFSTED (2008:21).Assessment for learning therefore clearly goes hand in hand with personalised learning allowing children, teachers, learning mentors and parents to reflect, evaluate and advance. Subsequently, as indicated by Capel and Gervis (2009: 135) when feedback is given in conjunction with praise, pupils are more motivated to continue to make effort with a positive approach to the activity. Maslow (1970) made this very argument with his hierarchy of needs theory explaining that in order to feel the need to fulfil one’s potential, other needs such as self esteem or love and belonging must be met first. Aspects of Maslow’s theory can also be seen in government frameworks used in schools. Although currently under review, Every Child Matters (2003 ) has five outcomes, areas which are central to the learning mentors work. For example for children to ‘be healthy’, the learning mentor may be involved with setting up breakfast clubs, arrange sporting activities or promote healthy dinners. As for ‘staying safe’ they might organise police visits, implement a listening room or create an anti bullying initiative.For children to ‘enjoy and achieve’ they may perhaps provide one to one intervention to support achievement, have homework clubs and offer assistance for transition. The learning mentor could also arrange community work, school council groups and circle time, giving pupils the opportunity to ‘make a positive contribution’. And to allow children to achieve economic well-being, the learning mentor may possibly organise work experience, seek career advice and work with parents and other outside agencies. As a teaching assistant, my role differs from that of the learning mentor. The responsibitlies of the teaching assistant, although still aim to support pupils to reach their full potential are not as broad at the support offered by a learning mentor and is approached from a somewhat different angle. This is highlighted in a video at teachermedia. co. uk 2 outlining the differences between these two roles. From my experience, teaching assistants are usually classroom based; however work together with teachers and learning mentors to ensure the best type of individual support can be provided for all.With experience of supporting and teaching the national curriculum in year 3, I have observed the learning and development of many children. One subject which always usually requires a range of support strategies is science. Science is not just the teaching of facts and theories. As stated in the report, Primary Science (2003), teaching science equips pupils with indispensable skills that are transferable throughout different parts of the curriculum. The report e xplains how the main aim of primary science is to ‘stimulate pupil’s curiosity in the world around them and encourage critical and creative thinking’ (2003:1).The National Curriculum (1999) sets out the statutory programme of study for science, the four main areas of teaching are, life processes and living things, physical processes, materials and their properties and scientific enquiry. For pupils to achieve in science there is a balance needed between teaching factual knowledge and the skills of scientific enquiry. For example, students must be given the opportunity to address questions scientifically, plan and carrying out experiments, build on previous knowledge and interests, evaluate and discuss ideas.The teaching of science is essential as it promotes learning across the curriculum including spiritual, moral, social and cultural development, key skills, thinking skills, communication, application of number, working with others and information technology. à ¢â‚¬ËœSuccessful Science’, a report by OFSTED (2011) found that the impact of good teaching could be seen when more practical science lessons were taught, when pupils were involved in peer and self-evaluation and when the pupils were given the opportunity to develop the skills of scientific enquiry by taking part in decision-making, discussion and research.Teaching was seen to be more engaging when the science that they were learning about had relevance to their lives and experiences. When I was asked to plan and teach block of lessons on magnets to a group of middle ability year 3 children, it was important to take into account many factors. How much science motivates children? What teaching strategies and theories to use? Would it need to be differentiated and how could I ensure progress had been made? The plan involved a range of multisensory activities such as testing magnetic materials around the school, finding the strongest magnet, watching videos, labelling the irecti ons of force. Such activities were tailored for multiple intelligences, Gardner (1983) and also exercised both right and left brain skills ensuring the engagement and motivation of both boys and girls, Cheminais (2008). The lessons had clear, precise learning objectives as research shows that this works as classical conditioning, the action of providing a lesson objective will result in the learner’s response in knowing what to expect to learn, Gange and Medker (1996). Theories that influenced the teaching strategies used include both constructivists and social constructivist teaching.For example, for the pupils to develop their scientific enquiry skills, the activities were designed to allow them to construct their own learning through experiences. This meant that by planning and carrying out an experiment to find the strongest magnets, the students gained the knowledge that the strongest magnet is not always the largest magnet. Alfrey (2003) explains that Piaget thought tha t children have to assemble their own comprehension and ‘assimilate’ from such experiences, creating mental structures called ‘schemas’.Piagetian theory views the role of the adult as someone who is to provide a rich, stimulating environment for children to naturally discover, explore and actively build their own schemas through stage appropriate activities and tasks that will eventually support assimilation and accommodation. Some aspects of social constructivist teaching methods were used in the lesson, for instance the pupils were collaboratively seeking answers, and they shared their ideas, had group discussion and developed their listening skills.During the session the children asked lots of questions, this again showed just how involved the children were and how they were actively seeking answers and explanations. Talking Science Pedagogy (2008) summarises five teaching models used in science. Direct interactive teaching was used in the lessons when t he magnets were first introduced to the children. Scientific vocabulary was taught such as north and south pole, magnetic field, attracts and repel.When the children learnt that opposites attract and the same repel, we used girls and boys to create an analogy in order to help them to picture it. During the lesson some issues did arise that could have potentially affect learning. The children had their own presumptions about magnets which lead to misconceptions. To identify these, the students were asked to discuss what they already knew about magnets, and then create a mind map with the findings. These included, ‘they stick to stuff’, ‘they stick to anything metal’ and ‘big magnets are strongest’. .

What is an organizational culture Explain both how the...

A culture is a pattern of assumptions and beliefs deeply held in common by members of an organization (Schein, 1985). Culture comprised of assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs such as artifacts of organization members, slogans, logos and observable behaviors. It is difficult to express culture distinctly but you can tell the culture of an organization by looking at the member s clothes, the arrangement of the furniture and how they communicate with each other. Different organization has different culture. Culture is vital in an organization as it laid the foundation of the organizational internal environment and it also plays a significant role in shaping managerial behavior. Organizational culture can be defined as the set of†¦show more content†¦They can do this by breaking free from their old approach and change to a new approach. For instance, Schwinn has changed its motto- Established 1895.Re-established 1994. This represent an attempt to create a new culture that reflects today s competitive environment in bicycle market. Similarly, Continental Airlines re-invented itself few years ago. The employees were taken outside the Headquarters building in Houston to watch the firm s old policies and procedures set afire. The firm s new strategy is known as Go Forward plan. This plan is to avoid people from remembering the firm s troubled past and to focus on the future. An understanding of the organizational culture is very important for many reasons. First, culture is a powerful force in the organization. It shaped the overall effectiveness and the long term success of the organization. Company s that develop a strong culture are likely to succeed. For that reason, managers need to have a clear understanding and appreciation of the importance of the organization s culture. Managers must understand the culture and then decide if the culture should be maintained and changed. Only by understanding the organization s current culture can managers take appropriate actions. Next, culture is seen as the context for control. Culture was described as facilitating control when the control system is consistent withShow MoreRelatedWhat is Organizational Culture? Explain both how the culture of an organization might evolve and why an understanding of the organizational culture is important1618 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we hear the word culture , what appear on our minds are traditions, which have lived and been practiced through the generations of a certain race, tribe or people, for examples, top-spinning and traditional wedding for the Malays. In the following paragraphs, I will be explaining what organizational culture actually is, as applied to the organizations nowadays. According to R.W. 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